When can shareholders vote?

Shareholders typically have the right to vote during specific meetings, which are generally either annual meetings or specially noticed meetings that are convened for significant corporate actions. This structured approach ensures that shareholders have the opportunity to provide input on critical decisions affecting the corporation, such as election of directors, merger proposals, or other fundamental matters.

Annual meetings are standard, where shareholders can discuss corporate performance and elect directors, while specially noticed meetings may be called for pressing issues that arise between annual meetings. The structured nature of these gatherings is essential to maintain order and ensure that shareholders are informed and can prepare for the decisions they are being asked to make.

The other options suggest scenarios that do not align with the formal rules governing shareholder voting. For instance, voting during any business meeting or at any time lacks the necessary structure and notice required for meaningful participation. Additionally, shareholder voting is not limited to situations like a board member's resignation, which could occur outside the established voting forums and timeframes.